Muzara'ah (sharecropping partnership)
A partnership in which one party provides land and the other cultivates it, for an agreed share of the crop.
Muzara'ah is a sharecropping partnership: one party provides land to another, who cultivates and maintains it in return for an agreed common share of the crop. AAOIFI's partnership standard defines it among the classical partnerships, and its sukuk standard allows certificates that represent muzara'ah to be traded once the activity has started, where the holders own the land. The defining feature is that both parties share in the actual harvest rather than one of them receiving a fixed rent, which is what distinguishes it from a lease of land.
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This entry explains a term; it is not a Shariah ruling. Approving a product is for each institution's own Shariah board and regulator.